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Table 2 Causative triggers of symptoms in the study population

From: Anaphylaxis triggers in a large tertiary care hospital in Qatar: a retrospective study

Causative triggers

Total N = 1068 n (%)

Anaphylaxis N = 574 n (%)

GAR N = 132 n (%)

P-value

Food (All)

403 (37.7)

316 (55.0)

87 (65.9)

<  0.001

 Nuts a

232 (21.7)

173 (30.1)

59 (44.6)

< 0.001

 Egg

113 (10.5)

89 (15.5)

24 (18.1)

0.171

 Seafood

93 (8.7)

72 (12.5)

21 (15.9)

0.111

 Peanuts

92 (8.6)

71 (12.3)

21 (15.9)

0.100

 Cow’s milk

77 (7.2)

61 (10.6)

16 (12.1)

0.326

 Sesame seeds

65 (6.1)

50 (8.7)

15 (11.3)

0.158

 Wheat

38 (3.5)

35 (6.1)

3 (2.2)

0.130

 Other food b

150 (14.0)

126 (21.9)

24 (18.1)

0.933

Insects’ stings (All)

184 (17.2)

161 (28.0)

23 (17.4)

0.122

 Black ant

153 (14.3)

135 (23.5)

18 (13.6)

0.101

 Bee

3 (0.2)

3 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

1.000*

 Wasp

1 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

1.000*

 Unspecified

29 (2.7)

24 (4.1)

5 (3.7)

0.798*

Drugs (All)

123 (11.5)

103 (17.9)

20 (16.2)

0.978

 Antibiotics

58 (5.4)

49 (8.5)

9 (6.8)

0.883

  Augmentin

19 (1.7)

16 (2.7)

3 (2.2)

1.000*

  Penicillin

14 (1.3)

11 (1.9)

3 (2.2)

0.484*

  Ceftriaxone

6 (0.5)

6 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

0.596*

  Amoxicillin

6 (0.5)

5 (0.8)

1 (0.7)

1.000*

  Other antibiotics

22 (2.0)

19 (3.3)

3 (2.2)

1.000*

 NSAID c

36 (3.3)

30 (5.2)

6 (4.5)

0.938

  Ibuprofen

28 (2.6)

23 (4.0)

5 (3.7)

0.794*

  Paracetamol

8 (0.7)

8 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

0.366*

  Diclofenac

8 (0.7)

7 (1.2)

1 (0.7)

1.000*

  Aspirin

3 (0.3)

3 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

1.000*

  Other NSAID

4 (0.3)

4 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

1.000*

 IvIg d

4 (0.3)

4 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

1.000*

 Vaccines

3 (0.3)

3 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

1.000*

 Other drugs

41 (3.8)

35 (6.1)

6 (4.5)

0.779

Idiopathic (All)

49 (4.5)

44 (7.6)

5 (3.7)

0.245

  1. aNuts included cashew, pistachio, tree nuts, coconuts and hazelnuts excluding peanuts which has been counted separately
  2. bOther food included chickpeas, bean, lentil, strawberry, banana, kiwi, mango, chicken, beef, pineapple, apple, and watermelon
  3. cNSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  4. dIvIg Intravenous immunoglobulin
  5. *P-value is for Fischer test (exact significant 2-sided)