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Table 1 Characteristics and results of hen’s egg and cow’s milk OIT RCTs

From: Debates in Allergy Medicine: Does oral immunotherapy shorten the duration of milk and egg allergy? The pro argument

Egg

Burks et al. (2012)

Escudero et al. (2015)

Yanagida et al. (2016)

Jones et al. (2016)

Study design

RCT double blinded

RCT, not blinded

RCT, not blinded

RCT, follow-up

Age range (years)

5–11 (median age: 7 ys)

5–17 (median age: 8 ys)

≥5

5–11 (median age: 7 ys)

Number of patients (active group)

40

30

21

40

Number of patients (control group)

15

31

12

15

Withdrew from therapy (active group)

5

2

5

5

Withdrew from therapy (control group)

2

0

0

2

OIT duration

22 months

3 months

10 weeks

48 months

Maximum tolerated dose

2 g

one undercooked egg every 2 days

62–194 mg

2 g

DBPCFC after OIT in placebo group

At month 10 (5 g) 100% positive

Not performed

Not performed

Not performed

DBPCFC after OIT in active group

At month 10 22 negative (55%) (P < 0.001) At month 22 (10 g) 30 negative (75%) (P < 0.001)

Not performed

Not performed

Not performed

Time of elimination diet (weeks)

4–6

4

2

4–6

DBPCFC after food avoidance (cumulative maximum dose)

At month 24 (10 g)

11 negative

At month 4 (3,6 g)

1 negative in CG

11 negative in AG

At week 12 (3 g)

0 negative in CG

7 negative in AG

At month 36

18 negative

At month 48

20 negative

Sustained unresponsiveness (%)

28 (P = 0.03)

37

33,3 (P = 0.032)

45% at year 3

50% at year 4

Milk

Yanagida et al. (2015)

Wood et al. (2016)

Takahashi et al. (2016)

Study design

RCT, not blinded

RCT, double blinded

RCT, not blinded

Age range (years)

≥5

7–35

AG median 11.7 years

CG median 9.5 years

5–17

AG median 9 years

CG median 7 years

Number of patients (active group)

12

28 (OIT plus omalizumab)

31

Number of patients (placebo group)

25

29(OIT plus placebo)

17

Withdrew from therapy (active group)

0

2

0 at year 1

11 at year 4

Withdrew from therapy (placebo group)

0

5

0

OIT duration

12 months

30 months

4 years

Maximum tolerated dose

3 ml

3.8 g

200 ml

DBPCFC after OIT in placebo group

4 negative (3 ml)

20 negative (10 g)

0 negative (80 ml)

DBPCFC after OIT in active group

9 negative (3 ml)

24 negative (10 g)

14 negative (80 ml)

Time of elimination diet (weeks)

2

8

2

DBPCFC after food avoidance (cumulative maximum dose)

At month 12.5 (3 ml)

4 negative in CG

7 negative in AG

At month 12.5 (25 ml)

0 negative in CG

4 negative in AG

At month 32 (10 g)

10 negative in CG

13 negative in AG

At year 1 (80 ml)

7 negative/31

At year 2 (80 ml)

14 negative/30

Sustained unresponsiveness (%)

58.3%

P = 0.018

33.3%

P = 0.007

35.7% in CG

48.1% in AG

At year 1 21%

At year 2 47%

P = 0.008