Table 7 Summary of some studies on the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on linear growth
From: The use of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma: update
Authors | Subjects number (age) | Study duration | Study type | ICS used | Control treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
van Bever et al. [132] | 42 (5–18 years) | Variable | Retrospective | Beclomethasone dipropionate | NA | Final adult Ht comparable between ICS and control groups. However, difference between adult Ht and target Ht greater in ICS group. |
Inoue et al. [133] | 61 (6–17 years) | Adult Ht recorded at 20 year | Retrospective | Beclomethasone dipropionate 300–800 ug/day | NA | Unaffected mean difference in adult Ht between ICS and control group (0.14, 95 % CI-0.38–0.65). |
Skoner et al. [134] | 670 (0.5–8 years) | One yr | DBRCT | Budesonide 500–1000 ug/day | Theophylline; Beta-2 agonist; Cromolyn | Growth reduction 0.84 cm (95 % CI 1.51–0.17) in ICS group than placebo |
Agertoft and Pedersen [135] | 142 (3–14 years) | 13 years | Prospective | Budenoside 110–877 ug/day | NA | Unaffected adult Ht (mean final minus predicted 0.31 cm (95 % CI 0.6–1.2). |
Pauwels et al. [136] | 7241 (5–66 years) | Three yr | Prospective DBRCT | Budesonide 400 μg/day for adults and 200 ug for children < 11 year | Placebo | In children < 11 years, growth was reduced in the ICS group by 1.34 cm. The reduction was greatest in the first year of treatment (0.58 cm) than years 2 and 3 (0.43 cm and 0.33 cm, respectively). |
Stefanovic et al. [137] | 28 (1.5–4.3 years) | One yr | Prospective (no control group) | Fluticasone propionate 100–200 ug/day | NA | No effect on linear growth or on the HPA-axis. |
Bensch et al. [138] | 218 (4–10 year) | One yr | Prospective DBRCT | Flunisolide 340 μg/day | Placebo | Mean growth velocity [6.01 ± 1.84 cm/52 weeks] for ICS was comparable to placebo [6.19 ± 1.30 cm/52 weeks] (P = 0.425). |
Skoner et al. [139] | 187 (4–9 years) | 1.25 years | Prospective RCT | Mometasone furoate 100 or 200 ug/day | Placebo | A total daily dose of 100 μg had no effect, whereas 200 μg led to some changes in growth velocity as compared to placebo. |
Kelly et al. [140] | 943 from CAMP Study | 4–6 years. Adult Ht recorded at 24.9 ± 2.7 years | Prospective RCT | Budesonide 400 μg/day | Nedocromil or placebo | 1.2 cm reduction of adult Ht in the ICS group compared to placebo. A larger daily dose in the first 2 years led to a lower adult Ht (-0.1 cm for each ug per Kg body Wt. |
Protudjer et al. [141] | 2746 from a population-based birth cohort | 12 years. Ht recorded at 8 and 12 years | Prospective | Variable | Variable | Asthmatics using ICS were 1.28 (95 % CI 0.62–1.95) shorter than those not using ICS. No consistent association between asthma and pubertal staging. |