Table 3 Risk factors for anaphylaxis in tropical settings

Age

• Children: foods, drugs, insects, asthma

• Adolescents: risk behavior (alcohol, drugs)

• Adulthood: drugs, foods, insect venoms

Physiological status

• Perimenstrual

• Pregnancy: drugs, latex

Concomitant diseases

• Asthma

• Atopy

• Cardiovascular diseases

• Mastocytosis

Use of concurrent medications

• Beta blockers

• ACE inhibitors

• Calcium channel blockers

• Angiotensin receptor blockers

• Diuretics

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Miscellaneous

• Exercise

• Emotional stress

• Acute infections

• Fever

• Alcohol

• Disruption of routine

• Pollinosis

• Increased tryptase concentrations

• Poor hygienic conditions

• Weak health systems

• Low educational level of the population

• Poor adherence to management guidelines