Fig. 3

Proportion of patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation during the 12-month follow-up by a age and b gender. *The subset of asthma patients on controller medications was defined as follows: patients who had received an asthma controller medication (LTRA, ICS, ICS/LABA, OCS or injectable steroid, omalizumab, theophylline) within +/-3 months of the index date