Table 4 The types of allergic mechanisms as described by Gell and Coombs [10], revision as proposed by Uzzaman and Cho [11]
From: Debates in allergy medicine: food intolerance does not exist
No | Type | Mechanism | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
I | Immediate type allergy | IgE | Anaphylaxis Atopic asthma, rhino-conjunctivitis immediate type urticaria etc. |
II a | Cytotoxic or IgG/IgM mediated | IgG/IgM | Auto-immune diseases |
II b | Antibody-mediated cell stimulating | Antibodies cell stimulation | Diffuse goitre Basedow’s/Grave’s disease “Autoimmune” chronic idiopathic urticaria |
III | Immune complex mediated - | IgG/IgM - complement | Lupus erythematosus Epidermolysis bullosa |
IV a | Macrophage activation | CD4(+)Th1 lymphocyte mediated with activation of macrophages | Granulomatous diseases Type I diabetes mellitus |
IV b | CD4(+)Th2 eosinophilic reaction | CD4(+)Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils | Chronic asthma and chronic rhinitis |
IV c | Cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte incused apoptosis | Cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes Perforin-granzme B apoptosis | Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis |
IV d | T-lymphocyte-driven neutrophilic inflammation | T-lymphocytes Neutrophilic inflammation | Pustular psoriasis Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis |