Table 5 Associations between environmental factors and IL-10 production by superantigen (SEB)-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes stratified by area of residence

Environmental/hygiene

Pets inside the house

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.24 (0.77;1.35)

1.00 (0.76;1.31)

Crowding (persons/sleeping room)

 ≤ median

1

1

 > median

0.90 (0.69;1.18)

1.07 (0.82;1.39)

Birth order

 1^st-2^nd

1

1

 3^rd-4^th

1.65 (1.21;2.26)

0.99 (0.73;1.36)

 ≥5^th

1.66 (1.20;2.32)

1.10 (0.80;1.52)

Bathroom

 Latrine

1

1

 WC

0.80 (0.59;1.09)

0.79 (0.46;1.38)

 Field

0.86 (0,36;2.06)

1.34 (1,03;1.76)

Daycare attendance

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.79 (0.59;1.06)

1.07 (0.82;1.40)

Household construction

 Wood/bamboo

1

1

 Wood/cement

1.21 (0.84;1.76)

1.03 (0.72;1.48)

 Cement/brick

0.94 (0.67;1.30)

0.68 (0.49;0.93)

Environmental/farming

Father with agricultural activities

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.76 (0,58;0.99)

0.85 (0.63;1.14)

Number of peri-domiciliary animals†

 0

1

1

 1-3

1.42 (0.76;2.68)

1.70 (0.97;3.01)

 ≥4

1.11 (0.59;2.07)

1.91 (1.08;3.35)

Contact with large farm animals‡

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.57 (0.27;1.20)

1.06 (0.77;1.46)

Environment/infections

Any geohelminth

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.29 (0.58;1.75)

1.15 (0.85;1.56)

A. lumbricoides

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.67 (1.09;2.57)

1.17 (0.90;1.53)

T. trichiura

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.16 (0.83;1.61)

1.08 (0.82;1.43)

G. intestinalis

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.76 (0.53;1.07)

1.16 (0.71;1.90)

E. histolytica/dispar

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.62 (0.44; 0.88)

1.00 (0.74; 1.35)