Effects of environment on human cytokine responses during childhood in the tropics: role of urban versus rural residence

Table 4 Associations between area of residence and cytokine production by superantigen (SEB)- stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes

Cytokines	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	Fold-change	Fold-change	Fold-change
	(95%CI)	(95%CI)	(95%CI)
IL-10	0.83 (0.69;1.01)	1.27 (0.96;1.69)	1.30 (0.97;1.75)
IL-17	0.96 (0.83;1.11)	1.19 (0.95;1.47)	1.19 (0.95;1.49)
IFN-γ	0.84 (0.60;1.18)	0.82 (0.48;1.41)	0.82 (0.47;1.42)
IL-13	0.85 (0.74;0.97)	1.14 (0.92;1.41)	1.20 (0.96;1.50)
IL-5	0.80 (0.67;0.95)	0.92 (0.71;1.19)	1.00 (0.76;1.31)

Fold-changes represent ratios of geometric means using linear regression and are adjusted for different sets of variables as follows: Model 1 - age and sex
Model 2 - age, sex, Giardia, maternal education and bathroom; Model 3 - age, sex, worm infection (Ascaris and or Trichuris), maternal education and bathroom
95 % CI – 95 % confidence intervals
SEB- Staphylococcus enterotoxin B

ISSN: 1939-4551