Table 1 Diseases in which ant-IgE has been reported to exhibit efficacy

Non-allergic asthma

Some reported benefits, but controversial

- Menzella F, Piro R, Facciolongo N, Castagnetti C, Simonazzi A, Zucchi L. Long-term benefits of omalizumab in a patient with severe non-allergic asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2011; 7: 9.

- Domingo C, Pomares X, Angril N, Rudi N, Amengual MJ, Mirapeix RM. Effectiveness of omalizumab in non-allergic severe asthma. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2013; 27: 45–53.

Churg-Strauss (C-S) Syndrome

Anecdotal evidence of efficacy, but also reports of uncovering latent C-S disease

- Giavina-Bianchi P, Giavina-Bianchi M, Agondi R, Kalil J.Administration of anti-IgE to a Churg-Strauss syndrome patient. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007; 144: 155–8.

- Wechsler ME, Wong DA, Miller MK, Lawrence-Miyasaki L. Churg-strauss syndrome in patients treated with omalizumab. Chest. 2009; 136: 507–18.

Allergic rhinitis

Well documented benefit, but questionable cost-effectiveness

- Vashisht P, Casale T. Omalizumab for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2013; 13: 933–45.

Atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema)

Efficacious in severe refractory AD

- Kim DH, Park KY, Kim BJ, Kim MN, Mun SK. Anti-immunoglobulin E in the treatment of refractory atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013; 38: 496–500.

- Sánchez-Ramón S, Eguíluz-Gracia I, Rodríguez-Mazariego ME, Paravisini A, Zubeldia-Ortuño JM, Gil-Herrera J, Fernández-Cruz E, Suárez-Fernández R. Sequential combined therapy with omalizumab and rituximab: a new approach to severe atopic dermatitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2013; 23: 190–6.

Nasal polyposis

Efficacious in allergic and non-allergic polyposis

- Gevaert P, Calus L, Van Zele T, Blomme K, De Ruyck N, Bauters W, Hellings P, Brusselle G, De Bacquer D, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Omalizumab is effective in allergic and nonallergic patients with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 110–6.

Bronchopulmonary allergic aspergillosis

Limited evidence. Requires further study

- Jat KR, Walia DK, Khairwa A. Anti-IgE therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 9: CD010288.

Food allergy

In conjunction with allergen immunotherapy

- Schneider LC, Rachid R, LeBovidge J, Blood E, Mittal M, Umetsu DT. A pilot study of omalizumab to facilitate rapid oral desensitization in high-risk peanut-allergic patients. Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132: 1368–74.

- Nadeau KC, Schneider LC, Hoyte L, Borras I, Umetsu DT. Rapid oral desensitization in combination with omalizumab therapy in patients with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: 1622–4.

Chronic (idiopathic) urticaria and angioedema

Active independent of known engagement of IgE-driven pathways

- Maurer M, Rosén K, Hsieh HJ, Saini S, Grattan C, Gimenéz-Arnau A, Agarwal S, Doyle R, Canvin J, Kaplan A, Casale T. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368: 924–35.

- Lang DM. A critical appraisal of omalizumab as a therapeutic option for chronic refractory urticaria/angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 112: 276–9.

Kimura’s disease

Anecdotal evidence

- Nonaka M, Sakitani E, Yoshihara T. Anti-IgE therapy to Kimura's disease: A pilot study. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2014; 41: 384–8.

Eosinophilic otitis media

Limited evidence for efficacy

- Iino Y, Hara M, Hasegawa M, Matsuzawa S, Shinnabe A, Kanazawa H, Yoshida N. Clinical efficacy of anti-IgE therapy for eosinophilic otitis media. Otol Neurotol. 2012; 33: 1218–24.

- Iino Y, Hara M, Hasegawa M, Matsuzawa S, Shinnabe A, Kanazawa H, Yoshida N. Effect of omalizumab on biomarkers in middle ear effusion in patients with eosinophilic otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol. 2014; 134: 366–72.

Mastocytosis

Anecdotal case reports

- Kibsgaard L, Skjold T, Deleuran M, Vestergaard C. Omalizumab Induced Remission of Idiopathic Anaphylaxis in a Patient Suffering from Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014; 94: 363–364.

- Matito A, Blázquez-Goñi C, Morgado JM, Alvarez-Twose I, Mollejo M, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Escribano L.Short-term omalizumab treatment in an adolescent with cutaneous mastocytosis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013; 111: 425–6.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis and oesophagitis

Probably ineffective

- Rocha R, Vitor AB, Trindade E, Lima R, Tavares M, Lopes J, Dias JA. Omalizumab in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis and food allergy. Eur J Pediatr. 2011; 170: 1471–4.

- Stone KD, Prussin C. Immunomodulatory therapy of eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 1858–65.

Latex allergy

Limited evidence for efficacy

- Leynadier F, Doudou O, Gaouar H, Le Gros V, Bourdeix I, Guyomarch-Cocco L, Trunet P. Effect of omalizumab in health care workers with occupational latex allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 360–1.

Anaphylaxis (including idiopathic and exercise-induced)

Anecdotal.

- Bray SM, Fajt ML, Petrov AA. Successful treatment of exercise-induced anaphylaxis with omalizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012; 109: 281–2.

Also in conjunction with allergen-specific immunotherapy

- Demirtürk M, Gelincik A, Colakoğlu B, Dal M, Büyüköztürk S. Promising option in the prevention of idiopathic anaphylaxis: omalizumab. J Dermatol. 2012; 39(6): 552–4.