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Table 1 Evidence of the immunomodulatory capacity of the living environment in humans

From: The biodiversity hypothesis and allergic disease: world allergy organization position statement

Evidence from

Altered susceptibility to

References

Immigrant studies

Allergic diseases

[74, 75, 77, 78]

 

Type 1 diabetes

[73]

 

Multiple sclerosis

[76]

 

Obesity, type 2 diabetes

[79]

 

Depression

[80]

 

Cancers

[81]

Epigenetic studies

  

Microbial deprivation

Allergic diseases

[111, 117, 118]

Air pollution

Asthma deterioration

[119]

Studies on the gut and skin microbiota

  

Microbial deprivation, altered composition

Allergic diseases

[8, 51–54]

  1. Data on altered susceptibility to inflammatory diseases are for immigrants moving from less affluent to affluent countries, except in ref [76].