Table 4 Mean Direct and Indirect Costs Per Month Per Working Patient
|  | Placebo Mean € (95% CI) (N= 196) | Levocetirizine (5 mg) Mean € (95% CI) (N= 186) | Difference versus Placebo | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct costs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Total direct medical costs for PER | 5.32€ (4.43, 6.42) | 16.81€ (15.94, 18.13) | 11.50€ (10.06, 13.03) | <0.001 |
   Total direct medical costs for comorbidities | 2.72€ (1.82, 4.20) | 1.77€ (1.14, 3.04) | −0.96€ (−2.60, 0.40) | 0.18 |
Indirect costs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Absenteeism | 45.70€ (32.02, 75.00) | 18.57€ (13.75, 26.00) | −27.14€ (−55.78, −12.10) | <0.001 |
   Presenteeism | 106.54€ (86.97, 132.86) | 71.04€ (56.16, 92.43) | −35.50€ (−65.21, −7.01) | 0.02 |
Total costs | 160.27€ (129.93, 204.54) | 108.18€ (91.55, 131.78) | −52.09€ (−98.18, −13) |  |