Figure 1

Nasal-ocular reflex and inhibition by pretreatment with azelastine. Watery eye and itchy eye symptom scores after diluent and allergen challenges. There was a significant increase in both itchy and watery eye symptoms after allergen challenge compared with respective diluent challenges with the patients on placebo depicted by the open bars (*P ≤ 0.004 vs respective diluents). Pretreatment with azelastine resulted in a significant reduction in the net change from the diluent response for both itchy (P = 0.02) and watery eye (P = 0.03) symptoms. (From Naclerio RM, Pinto J, deTineo M, Baroody FM. Elucidating the mechanism underlying the ocular symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008;29:24-28.)