Table 3 Primary Prevention of Asthma and Allergies in Early Life

   Smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke should be avoided, especially during pregnancy and early childhood

   Alcohol consumption should be avoided by the mother during pregnancy and lactation

   Damp housing conditions should be avoided and indoor air pollutants reduced, especially for high-risk children (history of atopy or allergy in a first-degree relative)

   Breast-feeding should be performed exclusively until 6 months with no special diet for the lactating mother (except when the mother is already diagnosed with food allergy)

   Nonprescription drugs should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation unless recommended by a physician