Figure 1

Patient factors that contribute to anaphylaxis. Age-related factors, concomitant diseases, and concurrent medications potentially contribute to severe or fatal anaphylaxis. Co-factors potentially amplify anaphylaxis. Multiple factors and co-factors likely contribute to some anaphylactic episodes ([2, 8–13, 31–47, 57]). Atopic diseases are a risk factor for anaphylaxis triggered by food, exercise, and latex, but not for anaphylaxis triggered by insect stings and medications. Beta-blockers: beta-adrenergic blockers; ACE inhibitors: angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors.