Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Nonallergic Rhinopathy (Referred to in This Table as NAR)

Symptoms of NAR may be perennial, persistent, seasonal (i.e., seasonal climatic changes-see below), intermittent and/or elicited by defined triggers that may include:

   • Cold air

   • Changes in climate (temperature, humidity, barometric pressure)

   • Strong smells (such as perfume, cooking smells, flowers, chemical odors)

   • Environmental tobacco smoke

   • Changes in sexual hormones levels

   • Pollutants and chemicals (e.g. volatile organics)

   • Exercise

   • Alcohol ingestion

NAR may present with concomitant conditions such as:

   • Food-related rhinorrhea

   • Mild nasal eosinophilia (< 5%)

   • Eustachian tube dysfunction (ear pressure/popping/pain)

   • Senile rhinitis

NAR symptoms are not caused by other known etiological causes for rhinopathy, such as:

   • Chronic rhinosinusitis or nasal polyps

   • NARES (nasal eosinophilia > 5%)

   • Aspirin-related chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, or asthma (although NAR is often seen as one of the clinical characteristics of AERD)

   • Infectious rhinitis or rhinosinusitis (e.g., viral upper respiratory infections, bacterial/fungal rhinosinusitis, bacterial rhinitis)

   • Anatomical abnormalities

   • Drug usage, (e.g., adverse effect of systemic medication, excess use of topical decongestants)

   • Cerebrospinal fluid leak

   • Pregnancy